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Glossary M256 KIT A kit that detects and identifies vapor concentrations of nerve, blister, and blood agents. M8 CHEMICAL AGENT DETECTOR PAPER A paper used to detect and identify liquid V- and G-type nerve agents and H-type blister agents. MAILBOX A designated holder on a barge for the placement of hazardous material shipping papers. MAINTENANCE Keeping equipment or apparatus in a state of usefulness or readiness. MAKE-UP All actions involved in connecting fire hose or apparatus to other equipment. MALE COUPLING Hose nipple with protruding threads that fits into the thread of a female coupling of the same pitch and appropriate diameter and thread count. MALTESE CROSS The symbol of the firefighters worn on the uniform or on the cap; the popular variety of the Maltese cross is actually a modification of the cross pattern rather than the actual eight-point cross. MANHOLE Openings usually equipped with removable, lockable covers and large enough to admit a person into a tank trailer or dry bulk trailer. MANIFOLD Used to join a number of discharge pipelines to a common outlet. Hose appliance that divides one larger hoseline into three or more small hoselines; also called Portable Hydrant; hose appliance that combines three or more smaller hoselines into one large hoseline; top portion of the pump casing. MANUAL SAMPLER A fitting installed on the manway cover plate between the liquid valve and the vapor valve. A 1/4” needle angle valve fastened to the top of the manway plate usually closes it. Below the plate is a tube, which extends into the sump in the bottom of the tank. Removing the plug and opening the valve handle will emit a sample of the product emitted as long as the product remains in the tank. It also can be used to determine whether any liquid product remains in the car. It will emit liquid if liquid product is at the bottom of the tank, or gas if all the liquid product has been unloaded. MANUFACTURER'S TESTS Fire pump or aerial device tests performed by the manufacturer prior to delivery of the apparatus. MANUFACTURER’S PLATE A specification plate on vehicles. MANWAY A large opening in the top of a railroad tank car. This allows access to the interior of the tank. The hinged cover plate functions during the loading and unloading processes. MARINE A reference to seagoing ships especially in relation to nationality or class. MARS LIGHT Single-beam, oscillating warning light. MASKS See Breathing Appliances. MASTER STREAM Any of a variety of large streams formed by connecting two or more lines of hose into a siamese and discharging the water through a large nozzle. Typically master stream flow greater than 350 GPM. Streams that are too large to be hand held. Also called Heavy Stream. MASTER STREAM NOZZLE Nozzle capable of flowing in excess of 350 gpm (I 400 L/min). MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS) A form, provided by manufacturers and compounders (blenders) of chemicals, containing information about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response, and waste disposal of the material as required by OSHA 1910.1200. MATTYDALE HOSE BED See Transverse Hose Bed. MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE CONCENTRATION The maximum amount of chemical in a solution. May also be referred to as the solubility limit. MAXIMUM DAILY CONSUMPTION Maximum total amount of water used during any 24-hour interval over a 3-year period. MAXIMUM SAFE STORAGE TEMPERATURE (MSST) The highest storage temperature for specific chemicals such as organic peroxides, temperatures above which may result in slow decomposition or explosion. MC (MOTOR CARRIER) The Department of Transportation specifies various highway transportation containers for selected commodities. MC-306 A motor carrier tank specification by the DOT. It is designed to carry liquids at low vapor pressures (no more than 3 psig.). These nonpressured highway carriers, most commonly made out of aluminum alloy, can be single or multicompartmental (separated by bulkheads with additional circumferential reinforcement provided by baffles). These carriers, popularly called a "skin tank," typically carry substances with a specific gravity less than 1 (lighter petroleum products like gasoline). MC-307 A low-pressure tank designed for working pressures of up to 25 psig. Carries products such as poison liquids, mild corrosives, and volatile flammable liquids. This "general chemical trailer" usually will have a horseshoe shape cross-section. MC-312 The popular "corrosive tank." Designed for pressures between 35 to 50 psig. Has a smaller capacity than any other of the cargo tanks series due to product density (heavy acids and bases), therefore also has support rings around the tank to give additional strength. Most MC-312 tanks are lined. MC-331 A high-pressure vessel designed for working pressures between 100 and 500 psig. Carries compressed gases and hazardous liquids such as anhydrous ammonia, chlorine, and LPG. An MC-331 has a cylindrical shape, with hemispherical heads. MC-338 A cryogenic cargo tank used to carry liquefied gases at extremely low temperatures. MC-406 A vessel similar to the MC-306 series. This vessel, however, is designed to withstand a greater force of movement due to the integrity of the design material and a lower center of gravity. MC-407 A vessel similar to the MC-307 "general chemical trailer." This vessel, however, is designed to withstand a greater force of movement due to the integrity of the design material and a lower center of gravity. MC-412 A vessel similar to the MC-312 series "corrosive tank" designed to withstand a greater force of movement due to the structural existence of stiffer outer rings, a thicker shell, and a lower center of gravity. MC-431 A vessel similar to the high-pressure MC 331 designed to withstand a greater force of movement due to the integrity of the design material and a lower center of gravity. MECHANICAL FOAM Foam that requires the blending of water, foam concentrate and air to be developed. :A substance introduced into the water line by various means at a 6% concentration. Air is then introduced to yield a foam consisting generally of 90 volumes air, 9.4 volumes water, and 0.6 volumes foam liquid. It uses hydrolyzed soybean, fish scale, hoof and horn meal, peanut or corn protein as a base. MECHANICAL HARM EVENTS Those harm events resulting from direct contact with fragments scattered because of a container failure, explosion, or shock wave. MECHANICAL STRESS The result of a transfer of energy when one object physically contacts or collides with another. Indicators include punctures, gouges, breaks, or tears in the container. MECHANICAL STRESSOR Any of a series of things or conditions that may place physical stress on a container. Example: a heavy weight placed on a barrel that is not capable of withstanding the load. Torque placed on a stationary object not produced to withstand a twisting action. MEDIAN INCAPACITATING DOSAGE (ICT50) The volume of a chemical agent vapor or aerosol inhaled that is sufficient to disable 50% of exposed, unprotected people (expressed as mg-min/m3). MEDIAN INCAPACITATING DOSAGE (ID50) The volume of a liquid chemical agent expected to incapacitate 50 percent of a group of exposed, unprotected individuals. MEDIAN LETHAL DOSAGE (LCT50) The amount of liquid chemical agent expected to kill 50 percent of a group of exposed, unprotected individuals. MEDIUM DIAMETER HOSE (MDH) 2 1/2 or 3-inch (65 mm or 77 mm) hose that is used for both fire fighting attack and for relay-supply purposes. MEDIUM RESCUE VEHICLE Rescue vehicle somewhat larger and better equipped than a light rescue vehicle. This vehicle may carry powered hydraulic spreading tools and cutters, air bag lifting systems, power saws, oxyacetylene cutting equipment, ropes and rigging equipment, as well as basic hand equipment. MEGA metric prefix for 10 6, 1 000 000.0, abbreviated M MELTING POINT The temperature in degrees F or degrees C at which a solid becomes a liquid. The degree of temperature at which a solid substance becomes a liquid, especially under a pressure of one atmosphere. This may also be referred to as the freezing point. MERCAPTANS A group of organosulfur compounds that are derivatives of hydrogen sulfide in the same way that alcohols are derivatives of water. They have a characteristically disagreeable odor, and are found with other sulfur compounds in crude petroleum. An example is methyl mercaptan. Also known as thiols. METER A measure of length based on the spectrographic color line of the element krypton. METHODS OF DISSEMINATION The way a chemical agent or compound is finally released into the atmosphere. MICRO Metric prefix for 10 6, 0.000 001, abbreviated ? MICROORGANISM A living organism not discretely visible to the unaided eye. Any organism, such as bacteria, viruses, and some fungi, that can be seen only with a microscope. MICROPOROUS FILM A sheet structure with micron-sized and sub-micron-sized pores. MIDI-PUMPER See Initial Attack Apparatus. MIDSHIP PUMP Fire pumps mounted at the center of the fire apparatus, behind the driver's seat and between the front and rear wheels of the apparatus. Fire pumps mounted at the center of the fire apparatus. MILD STEEL (MS) Carbon-based ferrous alloy (cast iron) with a maximum of about 0.25% carbon. MILLI Metric prefix for 10-3, 0.001, abbreviated m. MINI-PUMPER See Initial Attack Apparatus. MINIMUM DETECTABLE MASS PERMEATED The smallest mass of test chemical that is detectable with the complete permeation test system. This value is not necessarily the sensitivity of the analytical instrument. MINIMUM DETECTABLE PERMEATION RATE The lowest rate of permeation that is measurable with the complete permeation test system. This value is not necessarily the sensitivity of the analytical instrument. MIOSIS A condition where the pupil of the eye becomes contracted (pinpointed) which impairs night-vision. MISCIBILITY The tendency or capacity of two or more liquids to form a uniform blend, that is, to dissolve in each other; degrees are total miscibility, partial miscibility, and immiscibility. MISCIBLE Two or more liquids that can be mixed and will remain mixed under normal conditions; any material that mixes with water and stays in solution. Mixable in any and all proportions to form-a uniform mixture. Water and alcohol are miscible; water and oil are immiscible. MITIGATION Actions taken to prevent or reduce the severity of harm. MIXTURE A combination of chemicals that contains two or more substances that do not lose their individual identities. MOBILE RADIO A radio mounted on apparatus. MOBILE WATER SUPPLY APPARATUS Fire apparatus with a water tank of 1000 gallons (4000 L) or larger whose primary purpose is transporting water. The truck may also carry a pump, some hose, and other equipment. Also referred to as tenders or tankers. MOCK-UP A training device; a working model or realistic training and drilling. MOLECULAR WEIGHT The sum of the atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule. MONITOR Master stream appliance whose stream direction can be changed while water is being discharged. They can be fixed, portable, or a combination. MONITOR APPLIANCE A master stream appliance usually permanently mounted on fire apparatus with siamese connections so arranged by piping to provide street-level siamese connections for water supply. MONITOR VENTS Rectangular projections through roofs, with metal, glass, or louvered sides. The sides are counterweighted, hinged, and designed to stay in place when held shut with a fusible link. Monitors are designed to ventilate an area when the heat from a fire fuses the link. MONITORING The act of measuring radioactivity to detect and record, by the use of monitoring devices the radioactive emissions from a radioactive substance; to closely follow radio communication; to record and police; to observe and record the activities of an individual who is in the process of performing a function; the process of measuring certain environmental parameters on a real-time basis for spatial and time variations. For example, air monitoring may be conducted with direct-reading instruments to indicate relative changes in air contaminant concentrations at various times. MONITORING BADGES Instruments that detect or "count" radiation, such as alpha or beta particles or gamma rays or X-rays. MONITORING INSTRUMENTS Monitoring and detection instruments used to detect the presence and/or concentration of contaminants within an environment. They include: Combustible Gas Indicator (CGI): Measures the concentration of a combustible gas or vapor in air. Oxygen Monitor: Measures the percentage of oxygen in air. Colorimetric Indicator Tube: Measures the concentration of specific gases and vapors in air. Specific Chemical Monitor: Designed to detect a large group of chemicals or a specific chemical. Most common examples include carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide. Flame Ionization Detector (FID): A device used to determine the presence of organic vapors and gases in air. Operates in two modes&emdash;survey mode and gas chromatograph. Gas Chromatograph: An instrument used for identifying and analyzing specific organics compounds. Photoionization Detector (PID): A device used to determine the total concentration of many organic and some inorganic gases and vapors in air. Radiation Monitor: An instrument used to measure accumulated radiation exposure. Include both alpha, beta, and gamma survey detectors. Radiation Dosimeter Detector: An instrument which measures the dose of radiation to which a person has been exposed. Corrosivity (pH) Detector: A meter, paper, or strip that indicates the relative acidity or alkalinity of a substance, generally using an international scale of 0 (acid) through 14 (alkali-caustic). (See pH.) Indicator Paper: Special chemical indicating papers which test for the presence of specific hazards, such as oxidizers, organic peroxides, and hydrogen sulfide. Are usually part of a hazmat identification system. MONOMER A simple molecule capable of combining with a number of like or unlike molecules to form a polymer. It is a repeating structure unit within a polymer. MORPHOLOGY The form and structure of a particular organism. MOTOR CARRIER SPECIFICATION A Department of Transportation specification for highway transportation containers. Abbreviated MC. A three-digit number indicating the physical design of the cargo tanker follows the carrier denotation. MOUNDED CONTAINER An ASME container designed for underground service installed above the minimum depth required for underground service and covered with earth, sand, or other material, or an ASME container designed for aboveground service installed above grade and covered with earth, sand, or other material. MOUTH-TO-MOUTH BREATHING A form of resuscitation by placing one's mouth over the victim's mouth and breathing into the victim. MOUTHPIECE ESCAPE RESPIRATOR A disposable respirator equipped with inhalation and exhalation valves and a one-piece polypropylene body with a belt clip or neck strap. It is designed for emergency escape protection against a variety of toxic gases, such as acid gas, ammonia, chlorine, organic vapors, etc., depending on the type of chemical fill used. MRI Abbreviation for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A procedure, similar to that of an X-ray, which allows the determination of soft tissue damage. MS (MILD STEEL) Carbon-based ferrous alloy (cast iron) with a maximum of about 0.25% carbon. MSDS (MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET) See Material Safety Data Sheet. MSST See Maximum Safe Storage Temperature. MULTI-UNIT TANK CAR A car consisting of a number of separate tanks or containers used for transporting liquids in bulk. Also several tank cars with interconnected product lines. MULTIPLE ALARM An additional alarm, such, as second or third, that is a call for additional assistance or response. MULTIPLE-STAGE PUMP A pump with more than one impeller. MUSCLE CRAMP A painful spasmodic muscular contraction; a form of heat exhaustion in which muscle spasm is attended by pains, dilated pupils, and weak pulse. Seen in those who labor in intense heat and lose much water and salt such as from intense work performed in a Level A suit. MUSCULAR RIGIDITY Stiffness or inflexibility, chiefly that which is abnormal or morbid; rigor. MUSHROOMING A condition in which fire and heated gases rise to the uppermost point inside a building and begin to spread laterally to other areas. MUSTARD (VESICANTS) AGENTS See Blister Agents. MUTAGEN A substance capable of causing genetic damage. A material that induces genetic changes (mutations) in the DNA of chromosomes. Chromosomes are the "blueprints" of life within individual cells. MUTAGENIC Materials that characteristically induce mutation in an organism. MUTUAL AID Reciprocal assistance by fire departments under a pre-arranged plan or contract on the basis that each will assist the other in time of emergency. MUTUAL COMPANY An insurance company runs for the benefit of the insured and in which revenue above operating expenses is returned to policyholders as dividends. MVTR (MOISTURE VAPOR TRANSPORT RATE) A measurement of the rate at which water vapor diffuses through a fabric without the benefit of airflow. MVTR is often mistakenly used to describe the comfort and breathability of clothing materials. MYCOTOXIN A toxin produced by fungi. MYSTERY NOZZLE Older style variable gallonage adjustable fog stream nozzle. |
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